Events that occurred on the day of Ashura

Allah created the heavens and the earth on the day of Ashura.

Allah accepted the repentance of Prophet Adam (A.S) after his exile from Paradise.

The Great Flood of Nooh (A.S) occurred on this day. Prophet Noah cast the anchor of his ark on the mount of Judi on this day. Allah saved Prophet Nuh (A.S) and his companions in the ark.

Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH) was saved from King Nimrud's fire on the day of Ashura. Allah extinguished the fire in which Prophet Ibrahim (A.S) was thrown into by Nimrod [Pharaoh]

Allah spoke directly to Prophet Musa (A.S) and gave him the 10 Commandments.

Prophet Musa (A.S) and his followers were saved from Pharaoh on this day. Allah blessed a miracle upon Prophet Musa (A.S) and by splitting the sea into two, He drowned Pharaoh and his army in the water on this day. 

Prophet Eesa (A.S) was born and raised to the heavens on this day.

Prophet Yusuf (A.S) was reunited with his father Prophet Yaqub (A.S)

Prophet Yusuf (A.S) was taken out of the well into which he was thrown by his brothers on this day.

Prophet Yaqub’s(A.S) eyes started to see again on this day, after being blinded by the longing for his son Prophet Joseph.

Prophet Yunus (A.S) was released from the belly of the fish

Ashura is also the day when Prophet Dawud (A.S) was forgiven

The kingdom of Prophet Sulaiman (A.S) was restored

Prophet Ayyub (A.S) was restored to health (from leprosy)

Prophet Ishmael (Samuel), the son of Prophet Ibrahim (A.S), was born on this day

Sayyidina Imam Hussain, Grandson of the Holy Prophet achieved the honour of Martyrdom at Karbala.

Source:
http://www.questionsonislam.com/index.php?s=article&aid=10659

http://www.baharemadinah.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=640:youm-e-ashura&catid=50:islamic-dates&Itemid=355